Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels can affect a person’s ability to function in daily life.

The primary types of bipolar disorder are:

1. Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by manic episodes lasting at least seven days, or by manic symptoms severe enough to require immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes also occur, typically lasting at least two weeks.

2. Bipolar II Disorder: Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes (a less intense form of mania) without full-blown manic episodes.

3. Cyclothymic Disorder: A milder form of bipolar disorder involving periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that last for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents) but do not meet the full criteria for hypomania or depression.

During manic or hypomanic episodes, individuals may feel euphoric, have increased energy, and take on risky behaviors, while depressive episodes can bring intense sadness, fatigue, and loss of interest in daily activities. Bipolar disorder is managed with a combination of mood-stabilizing medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes aimed at helping individuals maintain mood stability and improve overall well-being.