Sleep disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, leading to impaired daytime functioning and overall health. They can result from various factors, including lifestyle, mental health issues, underlying medical conditions, or genetic predispositions. Common sleep disorders include:

1. Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early, often causing fatigue and irritability.

2. Sleep Apnea: A condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, often due to airway obstruction, which can lead to poor sleep quality.

3. Narcolepsy: A neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of sleep ("sleep attacks") during the day.

4. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): An uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually in the evening or during periods of rest, leading to difficulty falling asleep.

5. Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Disruptions in the natural sleep-wake cycle, often caused by shift work, jet lag, or an irregular sleep schedule.

6. Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, or sleep talking, which can interfere with restful sleep.